Apparatus for the electrical separation of substances in suspension in fluids



G. GALLOT AND P. POUSSIN.

APPARATUS FOR THE ELECTRICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES IN SUSPENSION IN FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY2 I,1918.

1 ,332,981 Patented Mar, 9, 1920.

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Attm'ney.

e. GALLO T AND P. POUSSIN.

APPARATUS FOR THE ELECTRICALSEPARATION 0F SUBSTANCES IN SUSPENSION IN FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2|. I918.

1,332,981 Patented Mar. 9,1920 F ig.3. Fig.4.

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G. GALLOT AND P. POUSS|N.-

APPARATUS FOR THE ELECTRICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES IN SUSPENSION IN FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21. I918.

1,332,9 1 Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

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Invent s: I LZZ0K a azpb uww Attorney.

G. GALLOT AND P. POUSSIN.

APPARATUS FOR THE ELECTRICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES IN SUSPENSION IN FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21, 1918.

1 ,332,981 Patnted Mar. 9, 1920.

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I Fig.6.

4 SHEETS-SH UNITED STATES PATENT: ornron.

GEORGES GALLOT, 0F PARIS, AND PAUL POUSSIN, OE PANTIN, FRANCE, ASSIGNORS TO SOCIETE PURIFICATION INDUSTRIELLE DES GAZ, PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR THE ELECTRICAL SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES IN SUSPENSION IN FLUIDS.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGES (humor, of

'9 Rue Mchain, Paris, in the Re ublic of France, scientific instrument ma er, and PAUL Poussin, of 29 Rue Etienne Marcel, Pantin, Seine, in the Republic of France, manufacturer, have invented Improvements in Apparatus for the Electrical Separation of Substances in Suspension in Fluids, of

which the following is a full, clear,'and exact des c fiption.

Apparatus for the electrical separatlon of substances in suspension in any gaseous or fluid medium are generally constituted by two electrodes charged at a high electric potential between which the materials to be separated circulate.

'Under the influence of the simultaneous or consecutive action of the ionizing electrical emanations and of an intense electrical field, the substances to be separated are electrified and recipitated by one electrode toward the ot er electrode which is arranged to receive them.

In these apparatus the two electrodes must be carefullymsulated fromeach other and this insulation is particularly diflicult to obtain owing onthe one hand to the very high differences of potential of the electrodes and on the other hand to the position of certain insulators supporting these electrodes in a medium charged with products capable of being conductors.

The object of the present inventiog is an improvement made 1n such apparatus for the electrical separation" of substances in suspension in a gaseous or liquid fluid for the purpose of insuring perfect insulation of the two electrodes.

In order to enable it to be more readily understood, the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawing hereto annexed and in which Figure 1 represents in vertical section and diagrammatically the arrangement usu ally employed.

. matter. of this invention,

Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 represent modified constructional forms.

As shown in Fig. 1 the apparatus for elec' trically separating dust in suspension in a gaseous medium have in a general way 'atubular perforated electrode a in the axis of which is stretched a wire I) supported by the insulators a d and constituting the second electrode; these two electrodes are connected I respectively to two poles of a source of electricity of high tension. The gases to be freed from dust arrive in the apparatus by the pipe eand leave itby the pipe f.

Under the simultaneous action of the ionizing electrical emanations produced by the electrode 2) and of the intense electrical field created between this latter and the electrode a, .the substances in suspension in the gases, which pass through the apparatus, are electrified and projected bythe electrode 6 toward the tubular electrode a, then, passing through the perforations of this latter, collect in the interior of the jacket 9 surrounding the electrode a. I

The shaded portion shown in Fig. 1 shows the active region of the apparatus.

As will be seen in this figure the insulator 0 which supports one of the endsof the electrode '6, is situated in the gaseous me- 'dium containing in suspension the particles which are to be separated by the apparatus,

and consequently there is .formed at the end of a very short time of use-adeposit of these particles both on'the outer face and theinnerface of the bells constituting this.

insulator.

Under these conditions if these particles are conductors of electricity, the surface of the insulator is no longer insulating, and the two poles of the source of high tension electricity are short circuited so that the apparatus is no longer in a condition to work. v

The upper insulator 03, being situated on the contrary in a current of purified gas preserves aclean and consequently an insulat .ing surface.

For the purpose sulation of the insulators exposed to dust various means have been proposed, namely heating to a temperature suflicient to vaporize or burn the .dust which is deposited on of maintaining good inthese insulators or continuously cleaning them by the-blast of a current of gas; all

these methods, however, besides the compliation which they cause to the apparatus, do

not give-any result in cases where the dusts are constituted by combustible substances such as metallic dusts or salts on even greasy substances forming a very adherent coating to be removed and the insulator situated on the side of this arrival, of a protective zone of electrical separation arranged in such a way as to hinder the dust contained in the gases entering the apparatus from reaching this insulator.

Fig. 2 shows a method of carrying out this lmprovement. I The gas supply pipe e instead of open ng, as in the general case shown in Fig. 1, mto

' a chamber h arranged below the electrode. a

supporting the lower end of the electrode 6, opens directly into the electrode aat a cer tain distance from the lowerchamber it so that there exists between this chamber and the point of entrance of the gases from whichthe dust is to be removed, into the apparatus a zone of protection z, (represented in the drawing by crossed shading) which separates the dust which has a tendgncykto be directed toward thelower cham- It should be noted that the speed of the gaseous current capable of being directed toward this chamber 72. is zero when the chamber is completely closed and consequently the protecting zone 5 may be very short while yet being very eflicaclous.

The length of this protecting zone i may also be reduced by arranging and placing the supply pipe e in such a way as to re duce to a' minimum eddies in the gaseous current on its arrival in the tubular electrode a. 4

This arrangement is in particular especially advantageous in certain apparatus. having insulators j, j mounted between the axial electrode 6 and the perforated tubular'electrode a for the purpose of producing a uniform distribution of the electrical field as shown in Fig. 3. p

I The insulator 7' like the insulator support a placed also behind the'zone of protection i is withdrawn from all deposit of dust.

Fig. 4 shows a{modified form of construction designed on the same principle as that of. the preceding arrangement. In this modificationthe gases from which the dust is to be removed arrive by a pipe e o ening at the center of the active region of t e apparatus and the gases .freed from dust quit the apparatus b the pipes f f mounted on the two ends 0 the apparatus.

By this arrangement the two insulators c d are each situated in an. atmosphere of dust free gas and under these conditions are not exposed so .asto be covered with dust.

'The zone of protection z of the insuthe axis of lators may also be carried in such a way as to be Independent of the activeregion of the apparatus.

In this case the apparatus has, as shown in Fig. 5, an auxiliary tubular electrode is perforated like the principal tubular elec trode and interposed between the supply pipe for the gases to be freed from dust and the insulator to be protected.

Fig. 6 shows the application of this latter arrangement to an apparatus of multiple units.

The zone of protection '11 of the insulators may also be carried out by means of a cylindrical body Z (see Fig. 7) carried by the supply pipe 6 for the u id to be treated in' the apparatus and constituting with the concentric wall of the lower chamber h an annular space in which an intense electrical field -is created.

The cylindrical body Z may be replaced by one or more disks m carried either by the axial electrode 6 (see, F i 8) or by the wall of the lower chamber (see Fig. 93.

It must be understood that'the metho s of execution above describediare only given by way of example and that the form, the 'dimensions and the details of construction of the present system of improved apparatusfor the electrical separation of substances in suspension in a gaseous or liquid fluid may be modified according to the use for which it is required.

Claims: U

1. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid, comprising an' inlet andan outlet for the fluid, a tubular electrode therebetween, a second electrode comprising a wire extending along the axis of said tubular electrode, an insulator for supporting said wire at the end of the apparatus remote from the outlet, and means adapted to cooperate with one of said electrodes to maintain an electric field between saidfluid inlet and said insulator.

2. Apparatus for the electrical-separation of suspended particles from a, fluid, comprising an inlet and an outlet for the fluid,

a perforated tubular-electrode therebetween, a second electrode comprising a wire of greater'length than said tubular electrode and extendmg axially therethrough, insulators for supporting said wire at both ends thereof, and means adapted-to coiiperate with one of saidelectrodes to maintain an electric field between said fluid inlet and the insulator nearer said inlet.

v3. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid,,comprisingan inlet and an outlet for the fluid, a tubular electrode therebetween, a second electrode comprising-a wire extending along said tubular electrode, an insulator for supporting saidwire at the end of the apparatus remote from the outlet, a

casing surrounding said electrodes and said insulator, and means adapted to cooperate with one of said electrodes to maintain within said casing an electric field between said fluid inlet and said insulator.

4. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid, comprising an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, a perforated tubular electrode therebetween, a second electrode comprising a wire of greater length than said tubular electrode and extending axially therethrough, insulators for supporting said wire at both ends thereof, a casing surrounding said electrodes and said insulators, and means adapted to cooperate with one of said electrodes to maintain within said casing an electric field between said fluid inlet and the insulator nearer said inlet.

5. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid, comprising an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, a tubular electrode therebetween, a second electrode comprising a wire extending along the axis of said tubular electrode, an insulator for supporting said wire at the end of.

the apparatus remote from the outlet, a casing including a chamber inclosing said tubular electrode and a chamber inclosing said insulator, and means within the first mentioned chamber for cooperating with one of said electrodes to maintain an electric field between said fluid inlet and said insulator.

6. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid, comprising an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, a tubular electrode therebetween, a second electrode comprising a wire extending along the axis of said tubular electrode, an insulator for supporting said wire at the end of the apparatus remote from the outlet, and

an auxiliary tubular electrode in alinement with the first mentioned tubular electrode and adapted to cooperate with said wire to maintain an electric field between said fluid inlet and said insulator.

7. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid, comprising an inlet and an outlet for the fluid,

a tubular electrode'therebetween, a second.

electrode comprising a wireextending along the axis of said tubular electrode, an insulator for supporting said wire at the end of the apparatus remote from the outlet, and an auxiliary tubular electrode comprising an extension of the first mentioned electrode beyond the fluid inlet and adapted to cooperate with said wire to maintain an electric field between said fluid inlet and said insulator.

8. Apparatus for the electrical separation of suspended particles from a fluid, comprising a casing, a perforated tubular electrode 1n said casing, a second electrode comprising a wire extending along the axis of said tubular electrode, an inlet for the fluid opening into said tubular electrode at an intermediate point thereof, an outlet for the fluid opening into said casing at a point beyond one end of said tubular electrode, and an insulator for said wire located at the end of said casing remote from said fluid outlet.

The foregoing specification of our improvements in apparatus for the electrical separation of substances in suspension in a fluid, signed by us, this 2nd day of May,

GEORGES GALLOT. PAUL POUSSIN.

Witnesses:

JOHN F. SIMoNs, FRANgoIs WEBER. 

